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Singapura: Hentikan Keyakinan Aktivis Terkemuka

Pemenjaraan Jolovan Wham Melanggar Hak untuk Perdamaian

Otoritas Singapura harus segera membatalkan hukuman terhadap aktivis hak asasi manusia Jolovan Wham yang melanggar haknya untuk berkumpul secara damai, kata Human Rights Watch hari ini. Pada tanggal 20 Agustus 2020, Pengadilan Banding menegakkan konstitusionalitas persyaratan lisensi Undang-Undang Ketertiban Umum yang kejam untuk izin menyelenggarakan majelis publik. Hukuman penjara 10 hari Wham diizinkan untuk dilanjutkan.

Pada November 2016, Wham, 39, menyelenggarakan acara dalam ruangan yang disebut "Pembangkangan Sipil dan Gerakan Sosial" untuk sekitar 50 peserta, termasuk aktivis demokrasi hak asasi Hong Kong Joshua Wong, yang berbicara melalui Skype. Hampir tiga tahun kemudian, pada Januari 2019, Pengadilan Tinggi memvonis Wham karena “menyelenggarakan pertemuan umum tanpa izin,” karena dia tidak memiliki izin bagi orang asing untuk berbicara di acara tersebut. Wham juga dihukum karena menolak menandatangani pernyataan polisi, dengan alasan polisi menolak memberikan salinannya. Hukum hak asasi manusia internasional melarang penerapan hukuman pidana untuk mengatur atau berpartisipasi dalam pertemuan damai.

“Tampaknya tidak ada satu hari pun yang berlalu di Singapura tanpa pihak berwenang yang muncul dengan alasan baru yang absurd untuk menolak hak orang atas kebebasan berbicara dan berkumpul,” kata Phil Robertson, wakil direktur Asia di Human Rights Watch. “Orang akan berpikir bahwa pihak berwenang memiliki hal yang lebih penting untuk dilakukan daripada menuntut Jolovan Wham karena mengizinkan aktivis demokrasi asing berbicara di sebuah acara.”

Karena melanggar pasal 16 (1) (a) Undang-Undang Ketertiban Umum, Wham dijatuhi denda S $ 2.000 (US $ 1.500) atau 10 hari penjara. Dia memilih untuk menjalani hukuman penjara sebagai pengganti membayar denda. Karena menolak menandatangani pernyataan polisi, yang melanggar pasal 180 KUHP, Wham didenda S $ 1.200 (US $ 900), yang dia katakan kepada Human Rights Watch bahwa dia telah membayar.

Wham telah mengajukan banding atas kedua putusan tersebut ke pengadilan tertinggi Singapura, dan bandingnya dibatalkan pada tanggal 25 Oktober 2019. Dalam putusan baru-baru ini, Pengadilan Banding menolak klaim Wham bahwa persyaratan perizinan Undang-Undang Ketertiban Umum bertentangan dengan jaminan konstitusional Singapura untuk kebebasan berbicara berdasarkan pasal 14 (1) (b) Konstitusi, yang melindungi hak semua warga negara untuk "berkumpul secara damai tanpa senjata."

Otoritas Singapura sering menuntut Wham karena aktivisme damai-nya. Dia menjalani tujuh hari penjara pada bulan April alih-alih membayar denda S $ 5.000 (US $ 3.700) untuk penghinaan pengadilan, yang diduga dilakukan dalam komentar Facebook yang membandingkan pengadilan Singapura dengan Malaysia. Wham mengatakan bahwa dia menolak untuk membayar denda itu karena dia "tidak mengakui keabsahan putusan dan hukum, keduanya tidak adil."

“[Saya] seharusnya tidak pernah menjadi pelanggaran untuk mengatakan kebenaran Anda,” katanya. “Penindasan dan penganiayaan selama beberapa dekade telah menghasilkan normalisasi ketakutan. Hal ini sangat dinormalisasi sehingga kami menjadi acuh tak acuh terhadap ketidakadilan, terutama ketidakadilan politik dan ancaman terhadap hak-hak sipil kami. Kami telah mengabaikannya begitu banyak sehingga seiring waktu, kami menjadi mati rasa, alih-alih merasa marah. Jika kita tidak dapat berbicara, berkumpul dengan bebas, dan berkampanye tanpa melihat dari balik bahu kita, reformasi yang kita inginkan hanya dapat dilakukan dengan syarat mereka yang berkuasa. Kami harus menunggu saat mereka siap. Semua ini bisa memakan waktu bertahun-tahun, dekade, atau tidak pernah sama sekali. "

Wham juga menghadapi dakwaan berdasarkan Undang-Undang Ketertiban Umum karena mengadakan aksi berjaga di luar Penjara Changi pada Juli 2019 untuk terpidana mati, dan karena ikut mengatur protes diam-diam di kereta bawah tanah Singapura untuk memperingati ulang tahun ketiga puluh penangkapan dan penahanan 22 orang. aktivis dan sukarelawan di bawah Internal Security Act 1987. Penuntutan atas tuduhan ini sedang berlangsung.

Polisi juga memanggil Wham pada bulan Mei karena memegang tanda karton dengan "wajah tersenyum" yang digambar tangan sebagai bentuk solidaritas dengan pengunjuk rasa perubahan iklim, sekali lagi diduga melanggar Undang-Undang Ketertiban Umum. Tidak jelas apakah dia akan menghadapi dakwaan atas tindakan itu.

Tanggapan pemerintah Singapura terhadap aktivisme damai Wham adalah upaya terang-terangan untuk membungkam pembela hak asasi manusia yang vokal, kata Human Rights Watch. Aktivis hak asasi manusia di Singapura secara teratur menghadapi pelecehan, intimidasi, dan tuduhan tidak berdasar karena mengungkapkan pandangan mereka secara terbuka dan mengatur pertemuan damai.

“Pemerintah Singapura memainkan permainan kasar 'tembak pembawa pesan' melawan reformis sosial yang opini dan kritiknya tidak disukai,” kata Robertson. “Pemerintah harus membatalkan semua tuduhan terhadap Wham dan mengubah Undang-Undang Ketertiban Umum agar sejalan dengan standar hak asasi manusia internasional untuk kebebasan berkumpul.”

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